Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families Essay Example

Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families Paper In Oedipus Rexes and Conventional Families Oedipus Rexes, a tragic play based on dysfunctional families, Is a unique situation compared to dysfunctional families today. Incest, royalty and belief in gods is what caused dysfunction during Oedipus? time. A dysfunctional family, according to an online dictionary source, Is ? ¦one In which adult caregivers are unable to consistently fulfill their family responsibilities. ?o This is the type of family where buses and conflict occur on a regular basis; this leads the children growing up in it to believe that It is normal to have such occurrences In a family life. Oedipus was a child, who although was born into a royal family, grew up as an adopted child to another royal family. This happens because when Oedipus was born, Apollo, who was one of the many gods, tells Oedipus?w birth parents that he will kill his father when he gets older. After hearing this, birth parents leave him in Situation, a mountain range near Thebes, to die. Fortunately for baby Oedipus, a shepherd finds IM and brings him to the King and Queen of Corinth, who adopt and raise him as their own child. This shows that fortunate events can result in misfortune. In a time when wealth and power was triumphed over truth and justice, dysfunctional was a result of Immoral practices. In Oedipus Rexes, the readers come to see the blind sighted nature of Oedipus which leads him to murdering his biological father with the ultimate goal of marrying his biological mother, Coast. As the tragedies play progresses, the readers discover that Apollo has made clear that whoever has ordered Also must be ? ¦killed or exiled. ?o (Lines?:) This leads too townspeople, Chorals, to introduce Oedipus to Terrifies, who is a holy prophet that has knowledge of all the occurrences In Thebes. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Telesales avoids telling Oedipus the truth of who the murderer is, but Oedipus wants to know the truth. As the conversation progresses, Oedipus becomes furious by Terrifies when he is informed that he Is the murderer of his biological father. King Also_ But before Telesales leaves, he says to Oedipus, ?:The man you have been looking for all this time, The damned man, the murderer of Also, That man Is In Thebes. To your mind he freeborn, But it will soon be shown that he is a Thebes, A revelation that will fail to please. ?:To the children with whom he lives now he will be Brother and father-the very same; to her Who bore him, son and husband-the very same Who came to his father?was bed, wet with his father?s scene ?: Lines 233-236, 240-243) When Terrifies says this Oedipus, we, as the readers, know that it is Oedipus who kills his biological father but Terrifies also Informs Oedipus that he will sleep with his mother. This explains to us that his wife Is most likely his biological mo ther as well. When Terrifies tells Oedipus that his mother is also his wife and his children are also his siblings, this portrays the dysfunctional toy 2 Tanat was present aurally appease TTL when opuses Tints out Trot a messenger that the child that Accost gave away many years ago was he, he cannot deal with the horror of knowing that his wife is his biological mother. So when Accost hangs herself, he pokes his eyeballs out with her dress ornaments and self- exiles himself. ?:And there he saw her hanging, her body swaying From the cruel cord she had noosed about her neck. ?: For the King ripped from her gown the golden brooches That were her ornament, and raised them, and plunged them down Straight into his own eyeballs, crying, ?cent more, No more shall you look on the misery about me, The horrors of my own doing! Too long have you known The faces of those whom I should never have seen, Too long been blind to those for whom I was searching! Sophocles scene?: Lines 38-39, 42-29) The situation fac ed by Oedipus compares to the situations faced by society today because no matter what generation or year it may be, whatever the parents do it will affect the characteristics and behavior of the children later in their lives. In a dysfunctional family today, the parents probably will not kill themselves or blind themselves, or look to other extreme measures, such as Oedipus did, but abuse and incest may occur. When a scenario such as the one in Oedipus Rexes occurs, it affects his daughters?w futures negatively. Some of the problems that can occur would be he complications associated with marriage, being raised by foster parents (Croon), and inferiority complex, the condition of not knowing who he or she truly is. In a dysfunctional family today, many children go through many types of abuse and that results in complications with alcohol and drug abuse, which could lead them to be rapists and murders, and with females, complications in pregnancy. Abuse within a family can cause complications in later generations. ?cachet problems that the dysfunctional families face tend to be chronic rather than temporary, the needs of he family members (particularly the children) are inconsistently met, and the negative patterns of parental behavior tend to be dominant in their children?was lives (Texas Womans University, no page). ?0 Compared to Oedipus Rexes, the effects of a dysfunctional family are different, yet not so different. The situations present in this tragedy are very unlikely to occur in the present day, but the idea of these situations may occur. Society may not go to the extremes as Oedipus did, but similar situations, although not as morbid, are comparable to that time period.

Retirement Issues Essays

Retirement Issues Essays Retirement Issues Essay Retirement Issues Essay One year ago, the U. S. had the 10th best retirement-income system in the world. One year later, that hasnt changed, according to the third annual study of the pension systems of 16 countries by Mercer and the Australian Centre for Financial Studies. In its study, Mercer and ACFS measured the overall pension benefits that are being provided to the citizens of 16 countries, the likelihood that those systems will be able to provide benefits in the future, and the integrity of private retirement plans. Same as last year, the U. S. didnt get such high marks. In fact, the U. S. earned a C grade for its pension-plan system according to the 2011 Melbourne Mercer Global Pension Index, the same grade awarded to Poland and Brazil. Read the Global Pension report here. The Netherlands and Australia earned the highest grades, a B+, for their respective retirement-income systems. Read my column from last year on the Melbourne Mercer index. By its own admission, Mercer and ACFS said comparing diverse retirement-income systems around the world is not easy. Retirement-income systems are diverse and often a number of different programs, according to a report published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in March 2011. Classifying pension systems and different retirement-income schemes is consequentially difficult. At the moment, no country has a gold-standard pension system according to the Melbourne Mercer index. To receive a best-in-class grade, the researchers said a system would have to provide adequate retirement benefits, be sustainable over the longer term and be trusted due to its strong and robust governing structures. For his part, Nevin Adams, the director of education and external relations at the Employee Benefit Research Institute and the co-director of EBRIs Center for Research on Retirement Income, suggested that Americans should view the rankings with a large grain of salt.

Total Quality Management (TQM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Total Quality Management (TQM) - Essay Example The main idea is that execution and outcomes of TQM processes are quite distinct from its precepts and theories. Besides, TQM is itself in the process of reinvention and evolution and has unquestionably come a long way since it was first established during the middle of 20th Century. What strikes one most about TQM is that it does not really concern itself about quality or benchmarks, but is a system that is designed to sustain long term value addition and growth for the total business, and not necessarily for specific constituents of business segments like Production, Quality Controls (QC), Inventory Management, etc. Perhaps, one of the major aspects of TQM, besides its holistic approach, lies in its continued sustenance and implementation over long period of time, thus contributing to the overall success of this technique. Perhaps, sustaining the momentum of TQM practices is even more challenging and onerous, especially in SME organizations, where there are several constraints, in terms of available documentation and a well laid out work flow system, besides shortage of human and material resources to set systems afloat. â€Å"Implementing TQM Management alone cannot ensure its long term business success. The leader has to drive the TQM implementation in accordance to the TQM principles, follow the TQM model, provides regular TQM training in the application of TQM Tools, get total employee involvement in their continuous improvement culture building and keep up its momentum† (Foong 2001).

Im not sure about the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Im not sure about the topic - Essay Example Thirdly there is the guest account, which cannot implement any changes to the computer settings. â€Å"Network and Sharing Center† is the feature that allows a computer user to check his/her network status, change network settings and set preferences for sharing files and hardware such printers and scanners over a network. Here is where users can uniquely identify computers or other shared hardware that are within their local area network (LAN). Examples of this include use of names such as Michael-PC or HP 1320 LaserJet on Manager-PC and so on. This feature allows users to declare different levels of accessibility over their files and documents or even hardware. This way an organization can implement information abstraction within its corporate LAN. Finally, the â€Å"Folder Options† feature provides users with options on how to manipulate folders. Examples include what the user would like the default folder icon size to be and whether to display or hide certain types of files such as system files and encrypted files. This feature also allows one to select whether to open each folder on the same window or a different window upon clicking the folder icon. Further, â€Å"Folder Options† allows users to select how the search function for files will operate for example using file names only or file names with contents and so on. There are numerous other customizations on folders that could be put in place through the use of this

Objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Objectives - Assignment Example The assumptions that are contained in the theory are put into practice to determine if they stand as claimed or otherwise. On the other side, research is the process of coming up with new ideas and knowledge in the nursing discipline through either laboratory tests or experiments or going out to the field and collecting data for analysis. Research is what is on the ground, and any information that is as a result of research is deemed to be accurate and thus ideal for making informed decisions (Tappen, 2011). The three elements correlate as they depend on each other. For instance, research is the initial step among them all; personnel go out to the field and collect empirical data for analysis. However, most nursing research is laboratory based where experiments and tests are conducted to ascertain some principles or facts. Once the research has been established a theoretical framework or documentation is developed on which individuals who want to further their knowledge in a particular field learn from (Moule & Goodman, 2009). Theory is what is taught in nursing schools after research has been conducted, and the relevant theoretical frameworks designed. Nursing is a practical discipline thus all the knowledge that is learned theoretically in class has to be put into actual practice, which entails dispensing theoretical knowledge that is taught in class in a real world environment to ensure it is consistent with what had been earlier researched. Therefore, practice is what the entire nursing profession is built on as it is the act of rendering services to the patients (Moule & Goodman, 2009). However, discrepancies between practice and standards can be identified by comparing the outcome from the practical work with the standard’s that had been established earlier. It is prudent that standards are accurate and so that the outcome of the practical work can reflect what had been set earlier. Thus, discrepancies are dangerous as

The Concept Of Toyota Production System Management Essay

The Concept Of Toyota Production System Management Essay This report briefly discusses the concept of Toyota Production System/ Lean manufacturing that Japanese Methodology introduced by Saichi Toyoda, the concept of value chain established by Professor Michael Porter in 1985 and lower waste and competitive advantages of the Lean Manufacturing. All through this report discus about the Toyota Company. In the first part of this report describe about the Lean Manufacturing of selected company. It is critically evaluate the Lean Production which is seeking a high level of production with minimum cost of the Toyota Company that originally Japanese Methodology. At the second this report is highlighting what the recommendations for managing wastes that associates with value chain of the Toyota Company. It is categorised in two categories that primary activities and supply activities in Value Chain. Thirdly discuss what are the implications of recommendation, which discussed before on organizational resources and justify those recommendations which effect on competitiveness sustainability and social responsibility of the company Finally this report describes the Porters Value Chain as a templates and a frame work which support to the front line managers in danger signals and how to face that Danger Signals and identifying wastes. 1) The critical evaluation of lean production in the Toyota Company. It is very important to overview what is the Lean Manufacturing and seeking higher level of output with minimum possibilities such as low labour cost, law material cost, low time and low inventory space, Lean manufacturing produce at a higher level by reducing wastes from the system and simplifying the methods. Toyota Production System is based on two concepts one is jidoka which can translate to automation with a mans touch. It can stop once avoiding the malfunctioning of products when problems arise in the equipment. Wastes can be occurred from several reasons such as, overproduction, waiting, transportation, inventory, defective units, motion and over-processing. Hence Lean Manufacturing in eliminating wastes. Toyota production system/ Lean Manufacturing is introduced by Toyota cooperation which is event of four gentlemen. Sakichi Toyoda, who is father of Toyota Group, Kiichiro Toyoda, son of Sahichi Toyoda, Eiji Toyoda, who was Managing Director from 1950 to 1981 and Taiichi Ohno the father of the Kanban System and chairman in 1981 to 1994. Toyota Use 7 techniques to attain Lean Manufacturing Reduction of set up times Set up activities are wasteful until they tie up labours and equipment with procedures by charts and training to employees and organizing activities. Toyota manages to avoid the setup times. Miner production The organization has to face higher cost on high capital, new machinery, more inventory, set up expenses, high lead times and defect costs when they manufacturing large quantities of products. But Toyota has turned towards low setup and it leads employees to produce in small quantities. Empowerment and Involvement of employees The Toyota Company organize the employees in the organization in to teams and appoint team leaders those having an authority to handle many specific tasks. The company provides training of minor equipment repair and housekeeping and leaders have to work with their teams in the lines 02. Quality at the source If there is some fault it should be able to identify immediately and need be corrected. Totoya has idoka and stop functioning. Equipment maintenance Toyota workers are more conscious about the failure, because they have been well trained to do basic maintenance. Employees have been trained to relevant to maintenance and enhance the quality of the equipment, so they need specialist fix only for complex problems. Pull production Pull production is always target on minimize cost of stock holding, this was introduced by Kotelnikov in 2001 and this is cause to minimize cost of stock holding and time saving. Next stage of materials demand lead to work performs at each step. kanban organize the movement of small containers of miner material between steps. Supplier involvement Toyota Company trains their suppliers to minimize the setup times, maintain stock and reduce failure. And also they consider their suppliers as their partners in the business. Source: Kotelnikov (2001) 2)Recommendations on the ways how waste is managed in Toyota company. The value chain is providing proper method to indicate the improvement of competive advantage in the business. There are number of stages in value chain process for make to value, these all steps are altogather effeted of company value delivering process. What is the way of basic activities can effect to reduce waste in operation process. Inbound logistics The good which needed for production buy from suppleirs and they are stored until they use for the prduction assembly line. Goods are tranfering all over the orrdanization. The Toyota company collect high quality rawmaterials from the best suppelirs in all over the world and keep countinously that quality. They purchase best quality rawmaterials to minimise the watages in prodution line. To handle rawmatrial, The Toyota company practice with JIT (Just In Time) and they keep close relationship with suppleirs to maximise the availability. Operations At this operational level raw materials used to manufacture and assemble. At every separate part of the assembling, includes producing new cars and modifying new cars engine. The Toyota use different and efficient methods for assembling and modifying the car manufacturing to reduce wastages. Outbound logistics They need to be sent to wholesalers, retailers or customers along the supply chain when production is finished. Toyota has opened their show rooms all over the world and made the products more quantifiable to reduce wastages. Marketing and sales They introduce some offers based on target customers. Toyota is true customer oriented company. The Toyota Company mainly focus on the Marketing and promotion Mix to minimize the wastages. Service Toyota provides training on final checking practices and after sales service to Toyota value customers to eliminate wastes from final delivery. Support activities to reduce wastes Procurement This is accountable for purchasing materials for Toyota. It is very important to make the transaction that is high quality product at the lowest price. The Toyota going with some activities such as, outsourcing and e-purchasing to make the effectiveness and free from wastes Development of Technology Technology is front-runners to competitive advantage, as manufacturer of vehicle Toyota is innovating to increase and sustain competitive advantage. Human resource management The Toyota considers their employees as the asset of company. Toyota practice with, recruitment and selection, Training and development, Maintenance and compensation to maintain their employees with higher satisfaction, 3) Recommendation for long term sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Toyota was number one and most admired car producer (Manufacture) in the world according to the annual rating of fortune published in 2001 included such as General motors and Ford .The umbrella policy of Toyota company is the reason and basic philosophy to success in global market environment and its lead to the make company decision and activities. Toyota has penetrated to USA market and invested there. Now they are well established in USA market it is match with its lean manufacturing system. Toyotas way encourages and motivates their employees and they consider it as capital, their main purpose is ultimately winning the employee motivation. All these empowering of employees are lead to more innovation and increase employee participation for manufacturing process and improve its productivity. Toyota way leads to product development and offer very friendly and loyal manner for their customers and they always target to be market oriented. Toyota use out sourcing and it plays a very i mportant part of their manufacturing process and it cause to reduce more direct cost and reduce market risk. Meanwhile Toyota has understood of the importance of engaging with particular specialized suppliers. Toyotas competitive advantage is mainly attributable to the schedule and the coordinate of activities among the network of 300 components suppliers. Toyotas competitive advantage was gained by a strategic commitment to produce exclusive automobiles. Toyota borrowed technology from established car manufacturers and made the procedures what effectively helped to regain customer demand. Customer demand has been the most important strategic initiate of the company. Behind the success of the Toyota Company there are three main components, A network of suppliers in Japan and in US which can be interpreted as world class. An effective Just in time system to manage inventory, which is dependent upon the activities of supplier network. Robot technology incorporated assembly system, the Japan and North America has both won the platinum plant quality award for this function. The processes and procedures sped up when the waste is eliminated from the companys main stream. Even the quality of the product increases when the waste is eliminated. This means the customer and the manufacturer are equally benefited by the Toyota production method. The company and the customer are in a win- win situation and the profits reflect the improvements. Toyota is famous for its innovations and became the largest manufacturer of cars in 2007 ahead of many leading car manufacturers achieving the competitive advantage by innovations. Toyota production system has given Toyota company competitive advantage on a global scale. This advantage is gained through elimination of waste by earlier recommendations by the combination of their human recourses management policies, their highly effective network of suppliers which provide them with raw materials whenever they need it and machine manufacturers that produce machines which are used in the product lines continuously. The management philosophy is more important for their long term sustainability, Toyota is known for its corporate culture which enhances the employee empowerment. According to Hub pages (2010) In an average year more than 700,000 improvement suggestions were submitted by Toyotas employees. That is an average of over 10 improvement suggestions per employee per year. What is perhaps most impressive is that over 99% of suggestions were implemented. This shows how employee centered the company is. Toyota knows that the employees are the key to continuous im provement, their ability and creativity leads to innovation in-house. When the employees are well looked after the company will earn their trust, their loyalty and they will work with an improved morale. Toyota Company has strived to with subsidiaries, suppliers to contribute towards a sustainable development of society making good quality automobiles. When lean manufacturing is used to eliminate waste and improve quality, as it is doing so it is effective to reduce the environmental impact as well. The ways in which Toyota has reduced environmental impact are Engaging in venture capital partnerships where the Toyota Company examines the innovator to establish a new technique to commercial development and success. Building working teams and groups of employees to research and development in sustainable practices in technology Bonding with community organizations which are environmental friendly and working in sustainable issues in order to support and help the community work. Toyota targets for growth that is in harmony with the environment by minimizing the impact which is causing by operational activities, For example reducing the impact on the climate change and biodiversity by vehicle emissions. Toyota is building a relationship between the environment and economic activities to coexist parallel. They create bonds between the individuals and the organizations that are involved in the environmental preservation. Toyota honors individualism by their philosophy of respect for people and concerns about the culture, customs, history, laws of each country which they are operating in. The evolving needs of sustainable mobility is achieves through continuous use of safe, clean and advanced technology. Illegal means are prohibited by the company to ensure long run sustainability with government and non-government agencies. The enrichment of the society is highly valued by Toyota when they are engaging in business with suppliers and customers. This will strengthen the community of the country which is involved. a) Identify the types wastes in both primary and support processes The processes Associated Wastes Primary Processes Inbound logistics Operations Out bound logistics Marketing and sales Services Support Activities Procurement Technology development Human resource management Motion Processing Transportation Inventory Waiting time Motion Defects Waiting time Transportation Inventory Transportation Inventory Defects Inventory Motion Processing Transportation Inventory Transportation Defects Inventory Processing Waiting time Processing Motion. Over production When demand reduces overproduction creates a huge problem with unsold stocks and wasted by products which include material handling inventory space, interest charges, machinery and equipment, and overhead expenses and costs. Manufacturing should be limited to only the adequate quantity with a quality standard, low cost and correct time Waiting time This is created due to worker idleness or due to employees who spend time not knowing the way to avoid the malfunctioning of the machines. When the work is specified for an assembly line the speed and volume of the work can be monitored. To reduce the waiting time only the machines and people that are needed to do the work itself can be hired. Transportation This occurs due to poor layout of the factory, basically within the assembly floor or storage facilities, which lead to over handling of goods. Long supplier lines will increase the transportation costs, while making higher fuel prices. Processing Using best practices to ensure the machinery and fixtures are undergoing regular maintenance. Inventory Stocks can be an excess charge to the company unless it is organized well. It has to be minimized to achieve higher level of standards in production. The things that should be avoided to removing unintentional inventory are Unavoidable and unreliable supply, forecasting errors, poor accuracy is the things that should be avoided to eliminate unintentional inventory. Motion This is the time spent without adding value to the product or the process. Even though there is a movement it does not indicate that the work is accomplished through it. The carefully planned layout and fixture selection can be used to eliminate this. Defects The company may lose customer satisfaction and demand for products if there is a defect of products it may reason for waiting time, material costs, labour costs in the long run. b) The danger signals of each waste Type of Waste The danger signals Faults or Defects Exceed the target production/Overproduction Stocks/ Inventories Over- Processing Human motion Transportation and Handling Waiting Confusion Unsafe or un-ergonomic Underutilized human potential Errors in Data entry errors at the office level activities Toyota company Errors on ordering and invoicing Error that can be gone to the assembly line that can be identified or corrected Change engineering orders Employee turnover Absenteeism Design flows Processing an order before it is needed. Any processes done base on routine with unpredictable demand. Producing products in advance they are needed. Any procedure of batch processing Generating processes for avoiding errors than depends on inspection Entering data into system several times by mistake Creating extra copies of unnecessary folders and providing un useful reports. Walking around production floor Walking around departments Inventories Movement Unnecessary attachments to the unpackaged to be delivered Distributing unwanted stocks to the people that are not needing them Reducing work speed because of the slow machinery. Waiting for approvals Waiting for customer and supplier information Waiting for confirmation from the management Missed data, any objectives, concepts that may reason the employees uncertainty as to what have to be done. The issues that may reasons the employees with health conditions such as back pain eye fatigue etc. This will reason because of the repetitive work they are involved in. Escaping the employees in taking regular decisions. They restrict the authority responsibility. Paying high amount of salary wages on routine tasks where their expertise is hidden in some other area. Business tools and Employees assigned work are not measured. Employees Not trusting the to perform jidoka which is to stop work to fix a problem. Employees not trusting to be clean and tiding up their work area. Employees not trusting the work for the continuous improvement. c) How Toyota Company respond to the danger signals To escape the danger signals in over production By using a sell one buy one method The Company can change their order replacement of repetitive stock. The Toyota planned Order cut-off times for delivery. When finished this process of order then selected filled and distributed. While improving performance of the delivery, smoothing demand increase significantly demands of the supplier and efficiency. By Eliminating or taking out the created demand the Toyota can cut its inventory and improve productivity. If they have surplus of the production The Toyota store, manage and protect them as inventory. As the key response of the worker have to think next step of the process as his/her own customer and provide the required quantity with excellence of quality at the lowest price and right time. To escape the danger signals in waiting The Toyota synchronize the production and distribution process with the cut-off time therefore distributors can avoid having their delivery of products or raw materials delayed cost and waiting for the next delivery by their logistics subordinate. Complete the volume of work required the capability- both speed and volume of each task can be inspected. This helps to utilise the machinery and people that wanted to minimize the method meeting the manufacturing the demands. To escape the danger signals in Transportation The system in Toyota and logistics of JIT minimized variation of demand significantly. In terms of minimization the waste have to be done in the areas of coordination of progress, layout and other general operations. To escape the danger signals in motion By carefully scheduled layout and the matched selection can eliminate this type of wastes. To escape the danger signals in inventory Inventory can be reduced to monthly supply by establishing small quantity of orders through the supply chain maintain at different order levels. The reacts to the wastes of inventory, Disposal of out-dated materials Produce the number of items required by the succeeding process Purchase the materials of required amount. Can achieve savings by volume discounts but must careful with inventory and storage cost. Produce only required quantity to achieve the most appropriate quantity, set up the measuring and measure set up and exchanges the inventory and carrying costs. To escape the danger signals in Product defects A comprehensive system should be established to reduce defect waste of products, therefore employees can get prior knowledge to recognize the defects and they can take prevention actions immediately. To escape the danger signals in processing The philosophies of design should be taken into consideration and should be employed for manufacturing. Before the production begins the processing should be reduced or removed. . Conclusion At the end this report says that The Toyota Company is succeeding their prospective through Lean Manufacturing. This Achievement is not happen coincidence but it continuing progress throughout the Lean Management and Waste Management. The employees those one of primary resources of the Toyota contribute for organizational Success. Understanding of Toyota Production System and achieving organizational gaols is very difficult to any company though it is possible to follow the Toyota Production System. The Toyota has a desire as the first organization which introduced Lean Manufacturing that eliminates wastes at any level of production process. At present many companies are following Toyota Production System and establishing Lean Manufacturing to their organizational system. They have increased the efficiency of work processes. The understanding and the application of Toyota Production System is essential stage of value chain is important.

Media Advertising - Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years Essay

A Look at Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years "To be, or not to be?" This is the question that plagues companies every year. The business is one of survival- survival of the fittest. Companies around the world are constantly scattering about, developing new weapons in nuclear advertisement. Having looked back at old strategies, it is interesting to see the strategies that worked have lasted over time. Since the April 5, 1937 edition of LIFE magazine, Colgate's advertisements have evolved to appeal to different audiences as seen in another ad in the January 1985 edition of LIFE. Though targeting different audiences over the past fifty years, Colgate has kept many of their original advertising strategies, but has changed their approach by introducing children as subject matter, leading parents to respond to the ad with their children in mind. A sort of sex appeal is visible in the 1950's commercial, mainly focusing on the fun that a man and a women can have if they both were to have nice breath. The Colgate advertisement in the fifties is focused towards an adult audience who are single and looking for ways of attracting the opposite sex. All the characters are portrayed as clean, single people. Ray, the man in the ad, seems to be a business man, though not the type to be swimming in money. Colgate wanted every man to be able to identify with Ray, and so placed him in what would probably have been the largest economic group. Not only would this allow the men in the audience to identify with the situation, but it would also attract the middle class and make it easier for them to relate and become involved with the ad as well. In the Colgate advertisement of the eighties, a question could be raised in contrast to... ...e the viewer is an average American, the ad forces the reader into a group- such as you are a mom, or one of those that love the taste- which gives reason for the viewer to by the product. Ultimately, Colgate has always tried to make their advertisements in a way that stops the reader from flipping the page by capturing his interest. Strategies used by Colgate in the fifties can be seen in the ad of the eighties, though the subject matter has changed and some of the strategies have become extinct. This subject matter, which includes the children from the eighties, became a very important factor in appealing to the audience. Likewise, the subject matter from the fifties, including the sex appeal, was probably very effective in that day. Because times have changed, neither of the ads would have fit in the others time, and would likewise probably not work in 1997.

Praise Song for my Mother by Grace Nichols Essay

The poem, as the name suggests is a song where the poet is rejoicing her relationship with her mother by making use of simple but powerful imagery. It is important to note that unlike the commemorative poems that are usually written by Western writers, â€Å"Praise for My Mother† does not have a requiem like elegiac mood. The overall tone of the poem is pleasant. â€Å"Praise Song† is a panegyric on the writer’s mother. in which she celebrates a woman who gave her both roots to grow from and wings to fly with. Writing about her own mother, Nichols once commented that she was a ‘†¦ warm, intelligent, loving woman who was full of stories, anecdotes and songs from her own childhood. People loved being around her and I can’t remember a single day when our home wasn’t visited by some friend, neighbour or relative who had dropped in â€Å"just fuh [sic] minute† but ended up staying hours. ‘ Starting with the vocabulary, it is vivid but hard-hitting. The writer uses the images of water, moon and sun- all powerful symbols of nature, to describe her mother’s character which shows her strength of personality and the extent of her love and affection towards her. The red colour of the fish’s gills is reminiscent of the maternal love; a break from the clichi d usage of the colour red in â€Å"standard† English literature where the colour is usually associated with sensuality. Talking about the lyrical style, a look at the formative years of Grace Nichols in Guyana may shed some light on her writing and choice of subject. She was born into a world of books and music. Her father was a head teacher and at home she was surrounded by books – she was fascinated by the kingdom of books and language. Her mother used to give piano lessons. The first 8 years of her life that she spent in a village left an imprint on her that shows in the poem as well; the rhythm of music and the beat of pan, the call of the fisherman and the fruit vendor, the odour of mud and salt when she went crab hunting (â€Å"the crab’s leg†), the whole of the morning sky, the whole of the evening sky, (â€Å"sunrise† and â€Å"moon’s eye†). The poem is also repetitive, ‘replenishing replenishing’. The poet may have opted for this because it brings a sense of childhood as a young child would repeat words. Nichols wants to use this effect because the repetitive content relates to a child’s attitude, which will then recall the memories Nichols had of her mother when she was a child. Food is a very important part of Caribbean culture and tradition. The home-cooked food is something that does not have any alternative. The writer’s memory of her mother is not complete without thinking about or mentioning the food she used to cook. This intensifies the sacrifice that the writer’s mother had to make for her daughter’s brighter, â€Å"Wide futures†. As Nichols once pointed out, â€Å"Like a beacon in London, every now and then I get this craving for my mother’s food. I leave art galleries in search of plantains, salt fish, sweet potatoes; I need this link, I need this touch of home, swinging my bag like a beacon against the cold. † Praise song for my mother Fat Black Woman Tropical Death Grace Nichols puts the image across that the issue of culture is extremely important to her. Through her poems we understand that she is confused of her identity. When she moved to London she felt as though she was living in an alien world. Grace Nichols was longing for a cultural identity in Britain and she tends to describe Britain negatively and the Caribbean positively. This is why throughout the poems she applies her own dialect of Creole, which is the official dialect of the Caribbean. She also uses Creole because she feels as though she should preserve it. She maintains that her Caribbean language is ‘genuinely exciting’ and that Creole’s aspects are very vivid which concludes her to believe that there is no equivalent in the English language. Nichols has successfully carved a niche for her culture and poetry in the existing canon of complex poets and poetry by writing in a laymen’s register. This is a poetry that everyone can understand and read. This is a poetry that everyone can identify with. This is the poetry the Nichols has written for her countrymen, for her mother, for her roots- it is a tribute to her roots back at home. We get a clear sense of this in ‘Praise Song for My Mother’, in which she talks of a mother who is ‘deep and bold and fathoming’ and who ‘replenishes’ her whenever she needs comfort.

Romeos Tragic Flaw essays

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